Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate that can narrow the urinary channel. It may cause lower urinary tract symptoms like weak stream, hesitancy, incomplete emptying, urgency, and nocturia.

Typical symptoms include a slow or weak stream, stopping/starting, difficulty starting urination, dribbling, needing to urinate frequently, urgency, and waking at night to urinate. Symptoms can range from mild to very disruptive.

Options include lifestyle changes (fluid timing/caffeine reduction), medications to relax or shrink the prostate, and procedures/surgery for more severe symptoms or complications. The best approach depends on prostate size, symptom severity, and your preferences.

Seek urgent care if you cannot pass urine, have severe lower abdominal pain/distension, fever with urinary symptoms, or are passing clots with blood in the urine.

PSA is a blood test that can be influenced by prostate cancer, BPH, inflammation/infection, recent ejaculation, or procedures. An elevated PSA does not automatically mean cancer—your doctor interprets it alongside age, symptoms, exam, trends over time, and (if needed) MRI or biopsy.

Next steps may include repeating the PSA, checking for infection/inflammation, assessing PSA trend, and considering a prostate MRI. A biopsy is recommended in selected cases based on overall risk assessment.

Kidney stones are mineral deposits in the urinary tract. Symptoms can include severe flank pain (often radiating to groin), nausea/vomiting, and blood in the urine. Some stones cause minimal symptoms.

Go urgently if pain is uncontrolled, you have fever/chills, vomiting preventing hydration, reduced urine output, or you have a single kidney or significant medical issues—these can indicate obstruction or infection.

Small stones may pass with pain control and supportive measures. Larger or problematic stones may require procedures such as ureteroscopy (camera and laser) or shockwave lithotripsy, depending on stone size, location, and anatomy.

Causes include infection, stones, prostate enlargement, inflammation, and (less commonly) tumours in the bladder/kidney/urinary tract. Visible blood in urine—especially if painless—should be evaluated.

Work-up often includes urine analysis/culture, blood tests when indicated, imaging of the urinary tract, and cystoscopy (camera inspection of the bladder) depending on age, risk factors, and whether haematuria is visible or microscopic.

UTIs are less common in men than women and may signal an underlying issue such as obstruction, stones, prostate enlargement, or anatomy factors. Recurrent UTIs in men generally warrant a urology assessment.

Telehealth is often suitable for results review, PSA discussions, and some symptom triage. Many conditions still require examination, urine testing, or in-person assessment for safe decision-making.